Roles refer to certain responsibility at the organization, such as 'Supervisor', 'Engineer'. All the employees with the same role could share the common Excel template or reports. They are used at the stage of building a report.
Right click "Role", you will see: "New"; if you right click the role name, then you will see: "Delete", "Rename" and "Properties".
1. New

There are four default roles:
Administrators: The highest level of privilege/access within the Excel Server Management Console; its responsibilities include: defining Organization, Roles, Users; accessing system logs; terminating system activities; backup and restore system data etc.
Report Designers: More privileges than ordinary users: defining Data types, data input criteria; building Auto ID Process; creating and updating report templates etc.
Report Owners: It is the ordinary user: exporting data into excel file or text file in my workbench.
Process Admin: The role has permission to delete workflow data.
2. Properties
it could list all existing all available users and the users who have assigned to that role.
3. Delete
4. Rename
See also: Select write roles and read roles